Who commanded the American Expeditionary Force during the St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne offensives?

• A. John J. Pershing
• B. George S. Patton
• C. Dwight D. Eisenhower
• D. Omar Bradley

Answer: (A)

The key idea is identifying who led the American Expeditionary Force in the major 1918 offensives in Europe. That role was filled by General John J. Pershing, who commanded the AEF in France and personally directed the St. Mihiel operation and the Meuse-Argonne Offensive. Pershing fought to keep American troops under American command and to build a capable, independent fighting force, which these campaigns showcased as they helped push German forces back and contributed to the war’s conclusion. The other figures—Patton, Eisenhower, and Bradley—played important military roles in later conflicts, but they did not command the AEF during these World War I offensives.