What is a key element of the Surge doctrine per FM 3-24?

• A. Engage local populace on the streets and with partners like Sons of Iraq
• B. Increase reliance on heavy tank battles
• C. Rely solely on air power for security
• D. Withdraw from urban centers to rural areas

Answer: (A)

The Surge doctrine emphasizes winning the support and protection of the local population to stabilize urban areas. A key element is actively engaging civilians on the streets and working with local security partners, such as the Sons of Iraq, to deter insurgents, secure neighborhoods, and build legitimacy. This population-centric approach helps gather local intelligence, protect civilians, and enable governance and reconstruction—elements that heavy force alone cannot achieve.

Relying on heavy tank battles, relying solely on air power, or withdrawing from urban centers would overlook the human and political dimensions essential to counterinsurgency. COIN seeks to protect and win over the population, not just defeat the enemy with overwhelming force or abandon urban environments.